Gender multipliers of informal employment: an analysis with the total-flow model for the Turkish case

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dc.authorid0000-0002-6220-9841
dc.authorid0000-0002-6303-2363
dc.contributor.authorGunluk-Senesen, Gulay
dc.contributor.authorYobas, M. Banu
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-04T18:55:40Z
dc.date.available2026-04-04T18:55:40Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.departmentİstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractThis article analyses gendered patterns of informal employment in T & uuml;rkiye using the Total-Flow model to account for deliveries to both final demand and intermediate demand. We presume that informal employment is sustained in the economy due to the cost advantage not only for the employer but also for the purchasers of its products. We explore patterns of upstream transmission of gendered informal labour. We address the gendered formal-informal divide with demographic characteristics to unravel the intertwined social norms and economic realities. A noteworthy finding, based on cross-sectoral multipliers, is that informal employment in agriculture is highly associated with outputs of all other sectors. We introduce the rent gain from informality into our model and estimate the liability of formalization in employer sectors under three scenarios. We draw attention to the significance of the gender pay gap with the estimated high value of supplementary compensation for transition to formalization.
dc.identifier.doi10.1080/09535314.2024.2439381
dc.identifier.doi10.1080/09535314.2024.2439381
dc.identifier.endpage39
dc.identifier.issn0953-5314
dc.identifier.issn1469-5758
dc.identifier.issue1
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85215708093
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.startpage15
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1080/09535314.2024.2439381
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11411/10515
dc.identifier.volume38
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001404775200001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherRoutledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd
dc.relation.ispartofEconomic Systems Research
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WoS_20260402
dc.snmzKA_Scopus_20260402
dc.subjectGender
dc.subjectInformal Labour
dc.subjectTotal-Flow Model
dc.subjectT & Uuml;Rkiye
dc.titleGender multipliers of informal employment: an analysis with the total-flow model for the Turkish case
dc.typeArticle

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