Skilled labor convergence across Turkish regions: a club convergence algorithm approach

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dc.authorid0000-0001-5518-188X
dc.contributor.authorEris-Dereli, Bilge
dc.contributor.authorPinar, Mehmet
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-04T18:55:21Z
dc.date.available2026-04-04T18:55:21Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentİstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractHuman capital and skill differences are among the main determinants of income per capita, technology and productivity differences across regions and countries. This paper uses the Phillips and Sul convergence club algorithm to investigate convergence in skilled labor force shares across Turkish regions between 2005 and 2022. The findings highlight that there is no overall convergence in skilled labor shares across Turkish regions and identify two convergence clubs, one consisting of regions with high shares of the skilled labor force and another with relatively low shares of the skilled labor force. The results indicate a regional heterogeneity in the convergence of skilled labor across different geographical clusters. Finally, the IV Probit (IV-GMM) analyses highlight that the likelihood of being part of a highly skilled club (skilled labor force share) significantly increases with GDP per capita, R&D investment per capita, net migration, and the percentage of higher education graduates, and decreases with the agricultural share of production.
dc.description.sponsorshipUniversidad de Sevilla/CBUA
dc.description.sponsorshipFunding for open access publishing: Universidad de Sevilla/CBUA. No funds, grants, or other support was received by the author for the submitted work.
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s00181-025-02789-y
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s00181-025-02789-y
dc.identifier.endpage2309
dc.identifier.issn0377-7332
dc.identifier.issn1435-8921
dc.identifier.issue4
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105013233253
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.startpage2267
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-025-02789-y
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11411/10381
dc.identifier.volume69
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001550540800001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherPhysica-Verlag Gmbh & Co
dc.relation.ispartofEmpirical Economics
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WoS_20260402
dc.snmzKA_Scopus_20260402
dc.subjectWhite-Collar
dc.subjectSkilled Labor
dc.subjectConvergence
dc.subjectConvergence Clubs
dc.titleSkilled labor convergence across Turkish regions: a club convergence algorithm approach
dc.typeArticle

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