Multi-criteria evaluation of hydrogen storage systems for geothermal backup power in Türkiye: The Kızıldere geothermal field

Abstract

Among renewable energy sources, geothermal power plants stand out due to their high capacity factors and reliable, uninterrupted power generation, making them suitable for next-generation hydrogen systems. Effective on-site hydrogen production requires safe, efficient, and cost-effective storage technologies compatible with Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Given T & uuml;rkiye's expanding geothermal capacity, identifying transferable hydrogen storage solutions is critical. This study compares hydrogen storage methods using TOPSIS and WASPAS multi-criteria decision-making approaches based on gravimetric capacity, volumetric density, efficiency, safety, and cost. Both methods identify sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as the most suitable option.