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From hero to zero. Understanding democratic backsliding process in Poland after 2015
(İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi, 2022) Gucia Aksoy, Katarzyna Zdzislawa; Erçetin, Tuğçe
ABSTRACT: In recent years, the term populism has been used repeatedly in political debates and media. Given the political situation in the European Union, we also find that far-right populism has spread in Europe. The increase in the number of representatives of right-wing populist parties in the parliaments of France, Austria, and Germany, as well as the withdrawal of Britain from the European Union under the influence of the far-right in that country, is proof of this claim. In the case of the study, Poland, the Law, and Justice Party is also known as the far-right party. The main question of our article is what crises have led to the growth of right-wing European populism? The present study first examines the trends of populism and its tendencies over the last twenty years in Europe, then investigates the similar trends and preferences in Poland in a case study. Then, by analyzing our findings using Spragens’ chaos theory, the study investigates the affecting factors of democratic backsliding in Poland and tries to predict the future of these parties in Poland. The thesis concludes that the economic crisis in the form of unemployment and recession and the social crisis in the form of illegal immigration are the two main reasons for the growing popularity of right-wing populism in Poland.